Diseño y ejecución de un test máximo para socorristas y su relación con la eficacia en un rescate acuático

Resumen

The main objective of this study was to design and implement an incremental, maximum and specific test for lifeguards as well as to analyze the relation with efficacy in a water rescue on the beach. The study was divided into two phases: At the first, the incremental test was performed and in the second, a comparison was made between the results of that test and those of a 200-meter water rescue on the beach. To begin, a maximum test was conducted in the laboratory (run) and the new test, in the pool (IPTL) in 10 professional lifeguards. In both tests, heart rate (HR), blood lactate (La), received perception of effort (RPE) and time were measured. The values of FC, La, RPE and time reached in the ITPL confirmed its maximum character. Through the FC/VO2 ratio resulting from the laboratory test, the VO2 reached in the pool (VO2IPTL) was calculated. From here, it was observed that the time reached in the IPTL, along with the percentage of muscle mass and the total weight of the participants, were predictive variables of the VO2 reached in the test (VO2IPTL) (R2=0.84; p=.008). In the second phase, the IPTL was performed and too a rescue of 200 meters with fins on the beach in 20 lifeguards. Heart rate, blood lactate and time were measured in both tests. It was demonstrated that the time reached in the pool (TimeIPTL) was the best predictor of performance in the water rescue (RescueTime) (R2=0.59; p<.001). These results show that the IPTL is a maximum and specific incremental test for lifeguards and, in addition, allows to estimate the effectiveness in a 200-meter water rescue with fins.