Análisis de la demanda física, técnico-táctica y psicológica de las modalidades de F-11, F-7 y F-8 en categoría alevínhacia una propuesta de unificación del modelo competitivo

Resumo

The Spanish Football Federation takes into account the possibility that players of the beginner category participate in different types of competition. The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to analyze the conditional and technical-tactical demand, as well as the psychological implication associated with 3 models of soccer competition: soccer-7 (F-7), soccer-8 (F-8) and soccer-11 (F-11). A descriptive and observational methodology was used with team and player data in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. For the analysis of conditional variables, we recorded: distance traveled, distance in different speed ranges, distance in acceleration and deceleration and maximum speed. The analysis of technical-tactical behavior was developed through the observation of offensive and defensive play situations, while psychological variables were used to analyze the perceived motivational climate, the degree of perception of success and the level of fun. The results show that, in F-11, the values of total distance, distance in the different speed ranges, distance traveled at high intensity and distance in acceleration and deceleration, are higher than those obtained in F-7 and F-8. F-7 and F-8 modalities generated a greater number of tactical actions, both defensive and offensive, short game starts and combined attacks based on collective technical actions such as the short pass, while in F-11 the beginnings of long game and actions of attack based on individual actions such as controlling the ball and dribbles. With regards to the analysis of the psychological implication, it should be outlined that in F-11, ego-oriented values were higher than in F-7 and F-8. F-11 players perceived a task-oriented motivational climate less than that perceived by the players competing in F-7 and F-8. Similar results were found in relation to the degree of fun associated with each competition model. In conclusion, the F-11’s conditional demand on beginner category players (U12) is superior to that of F-7 and F-8 from the metabolic and neuromuscular point of view. The F-7 and F-8 modalities, especially the latter, enhance the execution of the offensive phase of the game, the start of the game in short and collective actions based on the short pass and control, while the F-11 favors tactical situations based on individual technical actions such as dribbling, controlling the ball or interceptions. F-11 players perceive a climate of task-oriented motivation and are more ego-oriented than those of F-7’s and F-8’s. Although the level of fun was high in all three modes of play, F-11 players have less fun than F-7 and F-8.