Is it possible to propose a periodization strategy different from the inverted U in preseason?A comparison between two professional football teams
- Julen Castellano 1
- David Casamichana 2
- Oier Agirrezabalaga 2
-
1
Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
info
Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
Lejona, España
- 2 Real Sociedad de Fútbol S.A.D.
ISSN: 1579-1726, 1988-2041
Año de publicación: 2024
Número: 56
Páginas: 917-924
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación
Resumen
Purpose: the main aim of this study was to quantify and compare the weekly external loads of pre-season in two professional football teams. Methods: GPS devices monitored forty-five players in two teams daily in a five-week pre-season period. The external load measures were: number of sessions, total duration, acceleration load (aLoad), total distance (TD), distance at >21 km·h-1 (TD21), distance at >24 km·h-1 (TD24) and Player-Load® (PL). Results: there were differences in the weekly external load between both teams. Team1 trained 30% more time and training sessions than Team2, so the weekly load for all external load variables was higher except for aLoad and TD21 for W1 (Team2>Team1, p<0.05). These differences between teams were not similar for all weeks, with higher differences in weeks 2, 3, and 4. While Team2 proposed a distribution more stable and progressive in high-speed distances (TD21 and TD24) among weeks, Team1 used the inverted U model. In this line, variations between weeks were lower for Team2 (from -4% to 38%) than for Team1 (from -26% to 1,653%). Conclusions: The study's main conclusion was that in addition to a load management with an inverted U model, more widespread in professional football, a more stable and progressive distribution strategy can be proposed in pre-season in a professional setting.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Algrøy, E. A., Hetlelid, K. J., Seiler, S., & Pedersen, J. I. S. (2011). Quantifying training intensity distribution in a group of Norwegian professional football players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(1), 70-81. doi:10.1123/ijspp.6.1.70
- Anderson, L., Orme, P., Di Michele, R., et al. (2016). Quantification of training load during one-, twoand three-game week schedules in professional football players from the English Premier League: implications for carbohy-drate periodization. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(13), 1250-1259. doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1106574
- Banister, E., Calvert, T., Savage, M., & Bach, A. (1975). A system model of training for athletic performance. Australi-an Journal of Sports Medicine, 7, 170-176.
- Boyd, L. J., Ball, K., & Aughey, R. J. (2011). The reliability of minimaxx accelerometers for measuring physical activi-ty in Australian football. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(3), 311-321. doi:10.1123/ijspp.6.3.311
- Buchheit, M., & Simpson, B. M. (2017). Player-Tracking Technology: Half-Full or Half-Empty Glass? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12, 35-41.
- Buchheit, M., Lacome, M., Cholley, Y., & Simpson, B. M. (2018). Neuromuscular responses to conditioned football sessions assessed via GPS-Embedded accelerometers: Insights into tactical periodization. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(5), 577-583. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0045
- Campos-Vazquez, M. A., Toscano-Bendala, F. J., Mora-Ferrera, J. C., & Suarez-Arrones, L. J. (2017). Relationship between internal load indicators and changes on intermittent performance after the preseason in professional foot-ball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1477-1485. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001613
- Casamichana, D., Castellano, J., Calleja-Gonzalez, J., RomaN, J. S., & Castagna, C. (2013). Relationship between indicators of training load in football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(2), 369-374. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182548af1
- Castillo, D., Raya-Gonzalez, J., Weston, M., & Yanci, J. (2019). Distribution of External Load During Acquisition Training Sessions and Match Play of a Professional Football Team. *Journal of Strength and Conditioning Re-search, *August. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003363
- Cetolin, T., Teixeira, A. S., Netto, A. S., et al. (2018). Training loads and RSA and aerobic performance changes dur-ing the preseason in youth football squads. Journal of Human Kinetics, 65(1), 235-248. doi:10.2478/hukin-2018-0032
- Clemente, F. M., Seerden, G., & van der Linden, C. M. I. (2019). Quantifying the physical loading of five weeks of pre-season training in professional football teams from Dutch and Portuguese leagues. Physiology & Behavior, 209(June), 112588. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112588
- Coppalle, S., Rave, G., Ben Abderrahman, A., et al. (2019). Relationship of pre-season training load with in-season biochemical markers, injuries and performance in professional football players. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(APR), 1-11. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00409
- Cross, M. J., Williams, S., Trewartha, G., Kemp, S. P. T., & Stokes, K. A. (2016). The influence of in-season training loads on injury risk in professional rugby union. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(3), 350-355. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0187
- Delaney, J. A., Cummins, C. J., Thornton, H. R., & Duthie, G. M. (2018). Importance, reliability, and usefulness of acceleration measures in team sports. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(12), 3485-3493. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001849
- Delaney, J. A., Duthie, G. M., Thornton, H. R., Scott, T. J., Gay, D., & Dascombe, B. J. (2016). Acceleration-based running intensities of professional rugby league match play. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(6), 802-809. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0424
- Delgado-Bordonau, J. L., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2012). Tactical Periodization. *Football Journal, *(June), 28-34.
- Fessi, M. S., Zarrouk, N., Di Salvo, V., Filetti, C., Barker, A. R., & Moalla, W. (2016). Effects of tapering on physical match activities in professional football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2189-2194. doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1171891
- Gabbett, T. J. (2004). Influence of training and match intensity on injuries in rugby league. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(5), 409-417. doi:10.1080/02640410310001641638
- Gabbett, T. J. (2016). The training-injury prevention paradox: Should athletes be training smarter and harder? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 273-280. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788
- Gabbett, T. J., Nassis, G. P., Oetter, E., et al. (2017). The athlete monitoring cycle: A practical guide to interpreting and applying training monitoring data. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(20), 1451-1452. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097298
- Gaudino, P., Iaia, F. M., Strudwick, A. J., et al. (2015). Factors influencing perception of effort (session rating of per-ceived exertion) during elite football training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(7), 860-864. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2014-0518
- Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(1), 3-12. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
- Hoppe, M. W., Baumgart, C., Polglaze, T., & Freiwald, J. (2018). Validity and reliability of GPS and LPS for measur-ing distances covered and sprint mechanical properties in team sports. PLoS One, 13(2), 1-21. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192708
- Jeong, T. S., Reilly, T., Morton, J., Bae, S. W., & Drust, B. (2011). Quantification of the physiological loading of one week of “pre-season” and one week of “in-season” training in professional football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(11), 1161-1166. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.583671
- Losada-Benitez JA, Nuñez-Sánchez FJ, and Barbero-Álvarez JC (2023). Quantifying technical load and physical activi-ty in professional soccer players during pre-season matches with IMU technology. Front. Physiol. 14:1274171. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1274171
- Malone, J. J., Di Michele, R., Morgans, R., Burgess, D., Morton, J. P., & Drust, B. (2015). Seasonal training-load quantification in elite English Premier League football players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Perfor-mance, 10(4), 489-497. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2014-0352
- Malone, S., Owen, A., Newton, M., Mendes, B., Collins, K. D., & Gabbett, T. J. (2017). The acute:chronic workload ratio in relation to injury risk in professional soccer. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(6), 561-565. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.014
- Martín-García, A., Gómez Díaz, A., Bradley, P. S., Morera, F., & Casamichana, D. (2018). Quantification of a profes-sional football team’s external load using a microcycle structure. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(12), 3511-3518. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002816
- Morera Carbonell, S., Etcheazarra, I., Castellano, J., & Ric, A. (2023). Efecto del modelo de periodización del micro-ciclo competitivo en la carga de entrenamiento de jóvenes futbolistas masculinos. Retos, 48, 1098–1104. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.95050
- Murray, N. B., Gabbett, T. J., & Townshend, A. D. (2017). Relationship between preseason training load and in-season availability in elite Australian football players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(6), 749-755. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0806
- Owen, A. L., Djaoui, L., Newton, M., Malone, S., & Mendes, B. (2017b). A contemporary multi-modal mechanical approach to training monitoring in elite professional soccer. Science and Medicine in Football, 1(3), 216-221. doi:10.1080/24733938.2017.1334958
- Owen, A. L., Forsyth, J. J., Wong, D. P., Dellal, A., Connelly, S. P., & Chamari, K. (2015). Heart rate-based training intensity and its impact on injury incidence among elite-level professional football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1705-1712. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000810
- Owen, A. L., Lago-Peña, C., Gómez, M. Á., Mendes, B., & Dellal, A. (2017a). Analysis of a training mesocycle and positional quantification in elite European football players. International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching, 12(5), 665-676. doi:10.1177/1747954117727851
- Piggott, B., Newton, M., & McGuigan, M. (2009). The relationship between training load and incidence of injury and illness over a pre-season at an Australian Football League Club. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 17(3).
- Rabbani, A., & Buchheit, M. (2016). Ground travel-induced impairment of wellness is associated with fitness and travel distance in young football players. Kinesiology, 48(2), 200-206. doi:10.26582/k.48.2.11
- Rogalski, B., Dawson, B., Heasman, J., & Gabbett, T. J. (2013). Training and game loads and injury risk in elite Aus-tralian footballers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(6), 499-503. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.004
- Soligard, T., Schwellnus, M., Alonso, J. M., et al. (2016). How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(17), 1030-1041. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096581
- Stevens, T. G. A., de Ruiter, C. J., Twisk, J. W. R., Savelsbergh, G. J. P., & Beek, P. J. (2017). Quantification of in-season training load relative to match load in professional Dutch Eredivisie football players. Science and Medicine in Football, 1(2), 117-125. doi:10.1080/24733938.2017.1282163
- Toscano Bendala, F. J., Campos Vázquez, M. A., Suarez-Arrones, L. J., & Núñez Sánchez, F. J. (2018). Comparison of external load on high-speed actions in friendly macth and training sessions. Retos, 33, 54–57. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.52535
- Windt, J., & Gabbett, T. J. (2018). Is it all for naught? What does mathematical coupling mean for acute:chronic workload ratios? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 5-7. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098925
- Windt, J., Gabbett, T. J., Ferris, D., & Khan, K. M. (2017a). Training load-Injury paradox: Is greater preseason partic-ipation associated with lower in-season injury risk in elite rugby league players? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(8), 645-650. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-095973
- Windt, J., Zumbo, B. D., Sporer, B., Macdonald, K., & Gabbett, T. J. (2017b). Why do workload spikes cause inju-ries, and which athletes are at higher risk? Mediators and moderators in workload-injury investigations. British Jour-nal of Sports Medicine, 51(13), 993-994. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097255
- Zurutuza, U., Castellano, J., Echeazarra, I., & Casamichana, D. (2017). Absolute and relative training load and its relation to fatigue in football. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(JUN), 1-8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00878