Significante y Significado de Europa en la Edad Media: de la diferencia a la identidad
ISSN: 2254-6901
Argitalpen urtea: 2024
Zenbakien izenburua: La idea de Europa en la Historia
Zenbakia: 13
Orrialdeak: 54-66
Mota: Artikulua
Beste argitalpen batzuk: Vínculos de Historia
Laburpena
This article aims to analyze the process of construction of the signifier “Europe” and its correlative meaning (concept, idea), which generates an idea and identity of Europe throughout the Middle Ages, from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance. It traces the modes of mentioning “Europe” in the narrative and speculative sources of the period. The first part of the essay (“Fusion”) examines the imprints of the idea of Europe that emerged in the Middle Ages, from its roots in Antiquity (especially the recognition of its foundations in Jerusalem, Athens and Rome) to the age of Constantine. The second part ("Fracture") analyses the double rupture of the original idea of Europe from the division between Rome and Constantinople in the 4th century to the Islamic expansion in the 8th century. The third part ("Unification") explores the first explicit references to the concept of Europe, especially in the Carolingian period, which conveys an idea of "catholicity" as opposed to the Orthodox East and the Islamic South. The fourth part ("Specification") focuses on references to “Europe” by chroniclers, theologians, geographers, and writers between the tenth and twelfth centuries. Finally, the last part ("Consolidation") details some testimonies of intellectuals and humanists between the 13th and 15th centuries, at the time of the formation of a concept that responds to a combination of geographical, political, and cultural identities, recognizable to the Europeans of today. The main conclusion of this study is that a concept that had originated simply as a “difference” concerning the two other great neighboring cultures and civilizations – Orthodoxy and Islam – ends up adopting a specific meaning, closer to that commonly shared by Europeans today
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